How to Create Dynamic Table View in SwiftUI

Background

SwiftUI’s evolution continues to simplify app development, and with SwiftUI 4.0, the new Table view brings an intuitive way to display tabular data.

Whether you’re building a productivity tool, managing records, or presenting structured lists, the Table API offers powerful capabilities with minimal code.

In this post, we’ll explore how to build dynamic tables using SwiftUI’s Table view, covering key features like multi-row selection, sorting, filtering, and expanding rows with the DisclosureTableRow.

By the end, you’ll be well-equipped to harness these new table features in your own SwiftUI apps.

Here is the GitHub Repo with full implementations and a demonstration of all functionality.

Introduction to Table in SwiftUI

Before SwiftUI 4.0, developers had to rely on List views or custom solutions to display tabular data. The introduction of Table in macOS, iOS, and iPadOS provides a more intuitive and powerful way to handle data in a grid-like structure.

A SwiftUI `Table` allows you to:

Display multiple rows and columns of data.
Easily define column headers and content for each row.
Enable multi-row selection.
Apply sorting, filtering, and expandable rows for richer user experiences.

Setting up the Data Models for the Table

We’ll start by creating a Student model, along with associated data for each student’s grade history. Our model will include a student’s name, ID, and grades for subjects like maths, science, and more.


// MARK: - Student Model
struct Student: Codable, Identifiable {
    let id: String
    let name: String
    let gradeHistory: GradeHistory
    var students: [Student] = []

    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case id, name
        case gradeHistory = "grade_history"
        case students
    }
}

// MARK: - GradeHistory Model
struct GradeHistory: Codable, Identifiable{
    let id: String?
    let semester: String
    let subjects: Subjects

    init(
        id: String? = UUID().uuidString,
        semester: String,
        subjects: Subjects
    ) {
        self.id = id ?? UUID().uuidString
        self.semester = semester
        self.subjects = subjects
    }
}

// MARK: - Subjects Model
struct Subjects: Codable, Identifiable {
    let id: String?
    let math: Int
    let science: Int
    let english: Int
    let physics: Int
    let computer: Int
    let socialScience: Int

    init(
        id: String? = nil,
        math: Int,
        science: Int,
        english: Int,
        physics: Int,
        computer: Int,
        socialScience: Int
    ) {
        self.id = id ?? UUID().uuidString
        self.math = math
        self.science = science
        self.english = english
        self.physics = physics
        self.computer = computer
        self.socialScience = socialScience
    }

    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case id = "id"
        case math = "Math"
        case science = "Science"
        case english = "English"
        case physics = "Physics"
        case computer = "Computer"
        case socialScience = "Social Science"
    }
}

To populate our table, we’ll create a list of sample student data, To do that I have added a JSON file that contains a long list of Student data. and reading local files with one helper class that reads data from it and returns a decoded [Student] struct.

Here is the StudentRepository that uses that helper and gets our model.

class StudentRepository {

    init() {
    }

    func getStudents() async -> Result<Students, Error> {
        var students: Students = Students(students: [])

        do {
            students = try await JSONHelper
                .readJSONFromFile(fileName: JSONHelper.templateName,
                                                                      type: Students.self)
            return Result.success(students)
        } catch {
            return Result.failure(error)
        }
    }
}

Now we will use this repository everywhere where we need students.

Creating a Basic Table

Now let’s create a simple table that displays the student’s name, ID, and their grades for each subject.

struct PlainTableView: View {

    @State var viewModel: PlainTableViewModel

    var body: some View {
        Group {
            Table(viewModel.students) {
                TableColumn("Index") { student in
                    let index = (viewModel.students.firstIndex(
                        where: { $0.id == student
                            .id }) ?? 0)
                    Text("No. \(index + 1)")
                }

                TableColumn("Id", value: \.id)

                TableColumn("Name", value: \.name)
                    .width(min: 150)

                TableColumn("Math") { student in
                    Text("\(student.gradeHistory.subjects.math)")
                        .foregroundStyle(gradeColor(for: student.gradeHistory.subjects.math))
                }
                TableColumn("Science") { student in
                    Text("\(student.gradeHistory.subjects.science)")
                        .foregroundStyle(gradeColor(for: student.gradeHistory.subjects.science))
                }
                TableColumn("English") { student in
                    Text("\(student.gradeHistory.subjects.english)")
                        .foregroundStyle(gradeColor(for: student.gradeHistory.subjects.english))
                }
                TableColumn("Physics") { student in
                    Text("\(student.gradeHistory.subjects.physics)")
                        .foregroundStyle(gradeColor(for: student.gradeHistory.subjects.physics))
                }
                TableColumn("Computer") { student in
                    Text("\(student.gradeHistory.subjects.computer)")
                        .foregroundStyle(gradeColor(for: student.gradeHistory.subjects.computer))
                }
                TableColumn("Social Science") { student in
                    Text("\(student.gradeHistory.subjects.socialScience)")
                        .foregroundStyle(gradeColor(for: student.gradeHistory.subjects.socialScience))
                }
            }
            .tint(Color.purple.opacity(0.7))
            .navigationTitle("Plain Table")
            .task {
                await viewModel.fetchStudents()
            }
        }
    }

    // Helper function to set color based on grade
    private func gradeColor(for grade: Int) -> Color {
        switch grade {
            case 90...100:
                return .green
            case 75..<90:
                return .yellow
            default:
                return .red
        }
    }
}

Key Points:

The Table view takes an array of students and defines columns using TableColumn.
Each column displays relevant data, like the student’s name, ID, and grades according to subjects.

Adding Multiple/Single Selection Support

SwiftUI allows multi-row selection in tables, which is useful when users want to select multiple students for bulk actions.

Step 1: Add a `Set` To track Selected Rows

We’ll track selected rows using a Set of the student’s ID: and to do that we’ll add that Set to our viewModel like following.

var selectedStudents: Set<Student.ID> = []

To make it a single selection, we will use options Student.ID? instead Set of ID

var selectedStudents: Student.ID? = nil

Step 2: Bind the Table’s Selection

We bind the table’s selection to the selectedStudents set. And need to add EditButton to enable edit mode for multiple selections like the following.

Table(students, selection: $selectedStudents) {
    // TableColumns...
}
#if os(iOS)
    .toolbar(content: {
        EditButton()
     })
#endif

With this setup, users can select multiple rows, and their IDs are stored in the selectedStudents set.

Excited to see what we have done so far.

Here is how it looks.

That’s what we have done so far, so let’s move to the next thing.

Sorting Students by Name, ID and Subject Grade

Sorting allows users to view data in a preferred order. Let’s add sorting by student name and ID and subjects grade-wise.

Step 1: Define Sorting Rule

Here we are going to sort Sutdents by name ID and subject grade so that we can define KeyPathComparator which sorts data with the provided path’s value like the following in our view.

var sortOrder = [
    KeyPathComparator(\Student.name),
    KeyPathComparator(\Student.gradeHistory.subjects.math)
]

Step 2: Update `TableColumns`

We need to update table columns arguments to provide the right path to sort with like the following.

Table(viewModel.students,
      sortOrder: $viewModel.sortOrder) {
    TableColumn("Index") { student in
        let index = (viewModel.students.firstIndex(
            where: { $0.id == student
                .id }) ?? 0)
        Text("No. \(index + 1)")
    }

    TableColumn("Id", value: \.id)

    TableColumn("Name", value: \.name)
        .width(min: 150)

    TableColumn("Math", value:\.gradeHistory.subjects.math) {
        Text("\($0.gradeHistory.subjects.math)")
            .foregroundStyle(gradeColor(for: $0.gradeHistory.subjects.math))
    }
    TableColumn("Science", value: \.gradeHistory.subjects.science) {
        Text("\($0.gradeHistory.subjects.science)")
            .foregroundStyle(gradeColor(for: $0.gradeHistory.subjects.science))
    }
    TableColumn("English", value: \.gradeHistory.subjects.english) {
        Text("\($0.gradeHistory.subjects.english)")
            .foregroundStyle(gradeColor(for: $0.gradeHistory.subjects.english))
    }
    TableColumn("Physics", value: \.gradeHistory.subjects.physics) {
        Text("\($0.gradeHistory.subjects.physics)")
            .foregroundStyle(gradeColor(for: $0.gradeHistory.subjects.physics))
    }
    TableColumn("Computer", value: \.gradeHistory.subjects.computer) {
        Text("\($0.gradeHistory.subjects.computer)")
            .foregroundStyle(gradeColor(for: $0.gradeHistory.subjects.computer))
    }
    TableColumn("Social Science", value: \.gradeHistory.subjects.socialScience) {
        Text("\($0.gradeHistory.subjects.socialScience)")
            .foregroundStyle(gradeColor(for: $0.gradeHistory.subjects.socialScience))
    }
}
.onChange(of: viewModel.sortOrder) {
    viewModel.students.sort(using: viewModel.sortOrder)
}

Step 3: Add Sorting State Observer

To manage sorting we’ll observe sortOrder and on change of that sort our students

To do that, we’ll need to add the following code in our view.

.onChange(of: viewModel.sortOrder) {
    viewModel.students.sort(using: viewModel.sortOrder)
}

It seems like magic, right? Let’s see how it works.

Filtering Students by Search Input

We can add filtering functionality to allow users to search for students by name, ID, or subject grades.

Step 1: Add a Search Text State

We add a Published variable in our viewModel to store the user’s search input:

We are adding just var not adding Published property wrapper as we are using the latest Observable property wrapper on our viewModel class. So all variables are default published.

var searchText: String = ""

Step 2: Filter `Students` Based on Search Text

We modify our students to only show students that match the search text:

var _students: [Student] = []
var students: [Student] {
    var data: [Student] = _students
    if !searchText.isEmpty {

        data = _students.filter { student in
            student.name.lowercased().contains(searchText.lowercased()) ||
            student.id.lowercased().contains(searchText.lowercased()) ||
            "\(student.gradeHistory.subjects.math)".contains(searchText) ||
            "\(student.gradeHistory.subjects.science)".contains(searchText) ||
            "\(student.gradeHistory.subjects.english)".contains(searchText) ||
            "\(student.gradeHistory.subjects.physics)".contains(searchText) ||
            "\(student.gradeHistory.subjects.computer)".contains(searchText) ||
            "\(student.gradeHistory.subjects.socialScience)".contains(searchText)
        }
    }
    return data
}

Step 3: Add a Searchable Modifier

we add the searchable modifier to the Table view:

Table(viewModel.students,
      columns: {
    ///TableColumn...
})
.searchable(text: $viewModel.searchText, prompt: "Search by Name id & grades")

This adds a search bar to the table, allowing users to filter data in real-time.

Interesting! isn’t it?

This post only has basic Table creation and selection relatad things, to read the complete guide including Table with sorting expandable row and context manu support implementation please visit this blog.

The post is originally published on canopas.com.